Técnicas de Entrevista

Les mando extractos de una página de periodismo en inglés (I'm sorry!) (http://www.poynter.org) que recomendó Edu.
Hay cosas que quizás ya sabemos pero siempre es bueno tenerlas por escrito.
¡Espero que les sean útiles!
Carolinas Tobías Cordova

INTERVIEWING

Think as much as you can about the interview that you're going to do. This sounds elementary, but as you're coming to work, as you're driving, as you're eating breakfast and drinking coffee in the morning, think about how you want to write the intro, about the structure of the interview, and how you're going to get to that. The fact of the matter is that's extremely helpful. It's also helpful to then have a producer who takes another look at more or less the same set of information and may have a different approach. At that point you may get some interesting ideas moving along.

If there is an "art" to the interview, mine is free-form. I can't remember how often, in more than 30 years of reporting, I've gone into an interview with one idea or plan in mind, only to come away with something entirely different — and usually more entertaining.
That's probably my number one rule. Let the interview write the story instead of doing the interview to support your own theory or viewpoint. Obviously, it's necessary to have a story idea as a jumping-off point, but that shouldn't be so restrictive that the finished story has an unwarranted slant or offers an inadequate picture of the subject.

Listen to what the subject is saying, not just to what you want to hear. Listen to the changes in his/her vocal patterns; watch the eyes; be cognizant of changes in demeanor. Then use these keys to unlock another subject. It may not be one that's germane to the story but it will get the subject talking freely — and that's a detour well worth taking.
Don't be afraid to ask a basic question.

Try to anticipate how to navigate from one idea to the next. This is often difficult. We tend to write down 15 questions and they aren't necessarily in a narrative order. The thing we have to remember about our books and the thing we have to remember about our interviews is that they are narratives. We are trying to tell stories. They have to have a beginning, a middle, and an end. There should be a structure there. Thought A leads to thought B leads to thought C. Now there are reasons why you don't do these things in chronological order sometimes, but my rule of thumb for structuring any kind of a story has always been that you can depart from chronological order, but have a reason.

Chronological order is the most fundamental human storytelling form. The fundamental question of the story is, "And then?" It's our job to keep that tension going, so people will want to find out what happened next.

Cause and effect is another obvious way to structure, and it's another function of chronology. I can't over-emphasize this idea, and it's such an easy concept for the listener to grasp; this happened, then that happened. Was that cause and effect?

Do you have prewritten questions? Absolutely you have prewritten questions.
There is a psychological comfort, of course, seeing a long list of questions there, in case you go empty.

"Look for interesting ideas and figure out an approach that you can take to get to them."

Ask only one question at a time. I do this all the time and it drives me crazy; I say, "Why did you do it, and what do you think is going to happen next?" That gives the guest the option of answering neither or either. If they're any good at all at avoiding questions, by the time they've finished their answer, you've forgotten the other question.

You've got to be able to ask those difficult and awkward questions.

Some Useful Interview Techniques

The first thing to do once the interview begins: I always write down the name, at the top of my notebook, of the person I'm interviewing.

The thing you want to remember about doing an interview: Don't overcomplicate it. Ask simple questions. Ask straightforward questions. Be as specific as you can in the questions.
Always use a tape recorder. Explain to the subject, if need be, that no one will hear it but you.
Take notes, too. Tape recorders sometimes malfunction.
Do your homework. A subject will warm to you when realizing you've taken the trouble to be informed.

If you can, find someplace quiet where you won't be interrupted and steer the subject there.

Save the tough questions for the latter part of the interview.
Try not to ask questions that can be answered with a "yes" or "no."
If you are totally out of your element, ask for help. Almost always, the subject will be only too happy to help.

Try to have a "conversation" when possible, instead of just asking questions.
Dress appropriately.

Nota extractada de www.poynter.org "Everything you need to be a better journalist"